Mental health in older age
As we age, our mental health plays a role in our overall quality of life. For older adults, mental health can be influenced by physical health, social connections, and life experiences.
Approximately 10–15% of older Australians who live in the community experience anxiety or depression. Other groups who may have a higher prevalence of poor mental health include people in aged care, people in hospital, people with physical comorbidities, people with dementia, and older people who are carers.[1]
According to the World Health Organization, mental health conditions among older people may go unrecognised and undertreated. There are a few reasons why this may be happening:
- They may think that their symptoms are a normal part of getting older.
- They may feel embarrassed or ashamed about how they are feeling.
- There may be a stigma around asking for help with mental health issues.
- It may be difficult to get support due to distance and cost.Clear cache
- They may not realise that they can feel better if their mental health issues are treated.
Understanding the mental health risk factors as we get older
Multiple factors and events can impact mental health in older age.
Physical health challenges
Health conditions such as heart disease, cancer, stroke, and neurological disorders like dementia can affect a person’s mental health. The relationship between physical health and mental health can go both ways. For example, chronic illness may lead to depression, while poor mental health may exacerbate physical health problems.
Reduced mobility and chronic pain further contribute to mental health challenges. When physical limitations prevent someone from engaging in activities they once enjoyed, it can trigger feelings of grief, loss, and diminished self-worth.
Retirement
Retirement often marks a significant shift in personal identity and sense of purpose. The sudden reduction in social interactions, a change in daily routine, and the loss of work identity can lead to feelings of isolation and decreased self-esteem.
Bereavement
Bereavement is another risk factor. The loss of a partner, family member or close friend can trigger grief and increase the likelihood of depression. Many older adults may find themselves navigating multiple losses simultaneously, which can be emotionally overwhelming.
Loneliness and social isolation
Loneliness and social isolation are risk factors for mental health conditions. Research indicates that around 16% of older adults experience loneliness.[2] Social isolation and loneliness may result from:
- Retirement
- Experiencing a bereavement
- Reduced mobility
- Loss of independence
- Reduced financial resources
- Limited transport options
- Loss of social networks
- Geographic separation from family.
Economic challenges
Economic challenges can impact mental health in later life. Reduced income following retirement, unexpected medical expenses, and concerns about financial stability can create anxiety. Some older adults may also experience stress related to changing living arrangements, such as downsizing or moving into supported accommodation.
Caregiving pressures
Some older adults may be in caring roles, supporting partners or family members with chronic health conditions. The emotional and physical demands of caregiving can be overwhelming and increase the risk of depression and anxiety.
Strategies for maintaining good mental health
Looking after your physical health
Regular medical check-ups are an opportunity to assess overall health, monitor existing conditions, and address any concerns.
Nutrition also plays a role. A balanced diet and staying hydrated can help improve your physical and mental health.
Physical exercise is also important. Regular exercise can help to reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety, improve sleep quality, and boost overall mood. Even low to moderate exercise provides benefits. Some ideas include walking, swimming, yoga, gardening, or tai chi.
Keeping up your social connections
Maintaining and developing social connections can protect against loneliness and associated mental health risks. You can try:
- Joining community groups or clubs or attending events. For example:
- Check your local council website for a list of local community groups. You can often find everything from bird watching to bowling.
- Libraries often host free or low-cost events and have book clubs.
- Linking up with local services that provide social connections. For example:
- The Australian Red Cross Aged Care Volunteer Visitors Scheme matches people in their 70s, 80s and 90s with a volunteer buddy.
- Volunteering for a cause you care about.
- Maintaining regular contact with family and friends.
- Staying connected with distant loved ones through video calls or messaging.
Read our article on tips to manage loneliness for more ideas.
Keeping your mind active
Lifelong learning and keeping your mind active can help your mental health. Here are some ideas:
- Reading books or articles
- Crosswords and word games
- Taking a local class or learning a new skill
- Painting, playing music, sewing, building something, or creating art
- Playing board games or joining a trivia event
- Exploring new places such as museums and historical sites (you can often do this online as well as in person).
Managing stress
Finding ways to manage stress and develop resilience helps to navigate life’s challenges. This might involve:
- Practising mindfulness and meditation
- Exploring relaxation techniques and breathing exercises
- Maintaining a positive outlook
- Developing healthy coping mechanisms
- Journaling and practising gratitude
- Seeking health professional support when needed.
Seeking professional support
If you or a loved one is experiencing mental health challenges, talking to your GP is a good first step. Your GP may develop a mental health treatment plan and provide referrals to psychologists or psychiatrists specialising in older adult mental health.
You can also call a free helpline for mental health support. Call CAREinMIND on 1300 096 269 for counselling support. If you are experiencing an emergency, call 000.
To learn more about aged care support and services, visit the Australian Government’s My Aged Care website.
Mental health challenges are treatable. With the right support, older adults can maintain and improve their mental wellbeing, enjoying a fulfilling and active life. Every stage of life offers opportunities for growth, connection, and personal development.
If you are struggling and need to reach out to a mental health professional, our CAREinMIND counsellors are here to help 24/7. Call 1300 096 269 or click the floating chat button on the right. The service is free for people in north, western and central Melbourne.
The CAREinMIND blog is delivered by Lifeline. The views in each post do not necessarily reflect those of North Western Melbourne Primary Health Network.
References
[1] Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 2015. Australia’s welfare 2015. Australia’s welfare series no. 12. Cat. no. AUS 189. Canberra: AIHW.
[2] Australian Institute of Health and Welfare https://www.aihw.gov.au/mental-health/topic-areas/social-isolation-and-loneliness